physics class 10 chapter 18 notes

Atomic and Nuclear Physics:

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Physics Ch#18, 10th Class

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1 / 56

Which Option is Correct ?

Option-1

Option-2

Option-3

Option-4

2 / 56

The stable argon nuclide Ar-40 half life___________

• 2.4 x 10⁸ years
• 2.69 x 10⁴ years
• 2.5 x 10⁹ years
• 2.4 x 10¹¹ years

Which Option is Correct ?

Option-4

Option-3

Option-1

Option-2

3 / 56

The mass of the proton and neutron is nearly equal to___________

• 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
• 1.67 x 10^-31 kg
• 1.67 x 10^-19kg
• 1.67 x 10^-21 kg

which Option is Correct ?

Option-2

Option-1

Option-4

Option-3

4 / 56

Isotopes of an element have the same____________

Colors

Chemical Properties

Atomic Mass Number

Atomic Number

5 / 56

Which compound readily accumulated in the thyroid gland and can be used for monitoring of thyroid functioning?

1-130

1-131

1-129

1-132

6 / 56

Which among the following radiations has more penetrating power?

All Have the Same Penetrating Capability

A Beta Particle

A Gamma Ray

An Alpha Particle

7 / 56

Which Radioactive isotope is used for curing cancerous tumors and cells?

C-14

I-131

P-32

Co-60

8 / 56

Half-life of plutonium (236 96 Pu) is 2.85 years and 242 94 Pu is _____________

• 3.79 x 10⁵ years
• 7.1 x 10⁸ years
• 2.85 years
• 7.1 x 10¹⁰ years

Which Option is Correct ?

Option-1

Option-4

Option-2

Option-3

9 / 56

Which are chemical compounds containing some quantity of radioisotope?

Hard Compounds

High Energy Compounds

Radioactive Tracer

Soft Compounds

10 / 56

Which option is Correct

Option-4

Option-3

Option-1

Option-2

11 / 56

Which statement is correct about isotopes?

Atoms of an element have same number of protons.

Atoms of an element have different number of neutrons in their nuclei

Protium, deuterium and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen

All of these

12 / 56

The number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus or atomic mass is represented by______

None of these

A

Z

N

13 / 56

In which simplest atom, nucleus has only one proton?

Helium

Nitrogen

Hydrogen

Carbon

14 / 56

Charge on alpha particles is ________

3e

2e

5e

4e

15 / 56

Which compound is used for diagnosis of brain tumor?

Phosphorus-32

Neon-152

hydrogen-3

iodine-131

16 / 56

The total number of protons in a nucleus or total number of electrons in the orbits is __________

Atomic Number

Atomic mass number

none of these

Isotope number

17 / 56

The half life of a certain isotope is 1 day. What is the quantity of the isotope after 2 days?

One Quarter

One half

One Eight

None of these

18 / 56

____________ are collectively called nucleons.

neutrons in nucleus

electrons in shell

Protons and Neutrons in Nucleus

Protons in nucleus

19 / 56

The temperature of the center of sun is _________

24 Million Kelvin

20 Million Kalvin

29 Million Kelvin

02 Million Kelvin

20 / 56

The half-life of C-14 is ______

5730 Years

5720 Years

5700 Years

5202 Years

21 / 56

During fission of 1kg of Uranium -235 energy released is ___________

• 67 x 10¹⁰J
• 65 x 10⁸J
• 60 x 10⁸J
• 66 x 10⁹J

Which Option is Correct ?

Option-2

Option-3

Option-4

Option-1

22 / 56

Elements are naturally unstable having atomic number greater than_________

88

89

82

84

23 / 56

When a tree dies, which radioactive isotope present in plant starts decaying?

I-131

P-32

C-14

Co-60

24 / 56

Isotopes are atoms of same element with different _______

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

Number of Protons

Number of Electrons

25 / 56

Radium-226 has a half-life of _____________

1920 years

1600 years

1820 years

1620 years

26 / 56

The atomic number is represented by_______

None of these

A

N

Z

27 / 56

Which have the greatest power of ionization s compared to others?

X-Rays

β-Particles

α-Particle

γ particles

28 / 56

Half-life of   (60-27)Co is _________

40 years

30 years

50 years

20 years

29 / 56

When two lights nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, this process is called_______

Nuclear Fusion

Bombardment

Nuclear Fission

Disintegration

30 / 56

The total number of nucleons in a nucleus is__________

Isotope number

Atomic Mass Number

Atomic number

none of these

31 / 56

The phenomenon by which radiations split matter into positive and negative ion is called ____

Penetration

Sublimation

Deflection

Ionization

32 / 56

When Uranium (98 protons) ejects a beta particle, how many protons are let in the remaining nucleus?

93 Protons

92 Protons

89 Protons

91 Protons

33 / 56

When heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei, the process would _____________

Absorb Chemical Energy

Absorb Nuclear Energy

Release Chemical Energy

Release Nuclear Energy

34 / 56

Hazards of radiation for humans are_____________

Leukemia

Sterility

Blindness

All Given

35 / 56

Stream of high energy electrons_____________

α particles

∑-particles

β-Particles

γ-particles

36 / 56

Atoms of the element which have same number of protons but different number of neutrons are__________

None of these

Isotopes

Both Isotopes & Nuclide

Nuclide

37 / 56

Release of energy by the sun is due to ________

Chemical Reaction

Burnings of Gases

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fission

38 / 56

In order to find the intensity of radiations, which device can be used?

Dosimeter

Film Badge

Both "Film Badge" & "Dosimeter"

Radiometer

39 / 56

What happens to the atomic number of an element which emits 1 alpha particle?

Decreases By 2

Stays the Same

Decreases By 1

Increases By 1

40 / 56

The earth and all living things receive radiation from outer space which name is __________

Radon Gas

Cosmic Rays

X-Rays

None of these

41 / 56

Transmutation is _____________

Unstable nuclei changes into stale nuclei

No spontaneous process

Spontaneous process

Both "Unstable nuclei changes into stale nuclei" & "Spontaneous process"

42 / 56

Rutherford discovered that the positive charge in an atom was concentrated in a small region called__________

Shell

Molecule

Atom

Nucleus

43 / 56

Mass energy equation and theory of relativity was given by___________

Quantum

Einstein

Newton

Volta

44 / 56

One of the isotopes of uranium is U(238-92)  the number of neutrons in this isotope is ___________

92

238

146

330

45 / 56

Penetrating power of γ rays as compared to α rays and β rays is __________

Equal

Smaller

Greater

Anyone of these

46 / 56

In each fission reaction energy released__________

210meV

299mV

255meV

200MeV

47 / 56

The rate of radioactive decay is proportional to the number of __________

Electrons Present

Stale Nuclei Present

Proton Present

Unstable Nuclei Present

48 / 56

3

10

6

8

49 / 56

The number of neutrons in a nucleus is represented by_______

A

Z

N

None of these

50 / 56

Tritium contains one proton, while protium and deuterium contains_________

Three Protons

Two Protons

One Protons

No Proton

51 / 56

Stable nuclei have atomic number between__________

2-89

1-82

2-85

2-88

52 / 56

Nuclear fission was first observed in 1939 by__________

Otto Han and Curie

First and Curie

Otto Hahn and Frits Strassman

Otto Hahn and Rutherford

53 / 56

The reason carbon dating works is that __________

Plants and animals are such strong emitters of carbon-14

There is so much non-radioactive carbon dioxide in the air

After plant of animal dies, it stops taking in fresh carbon-14

When a plant or an animal die

54 / 56

Who accidentally discovered that uranium salt crystals emit an invisible radiation that can darken a photographic plate?

Marie Curie

Pierre

Becquerel

Rutherford

55 / 56

Gamma rays are also called __________

Photons

Protons

Positrons

Electrons

56 / 56

A nucleon is _________ times heavier than electron.

1832

1836

1841

1827

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Chapter-18 – Atomic and Nuclear Physics

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